Una investigación internacional liderada por investigadores del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), en España, ha obtenido información sobre la estructura de las comunidades y la actividad metabólica de los protistas marinos, unos seres poco conocidos, mediante técnicas de secuenciación masiva de ADN.
Los microbios son la forma de vida dominante en los océanos y desempeñan un papel fundamental en el funcionamiento y el proceso bioquímico de los ecosistemas, tanto a escala local como global. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre su diversidad y la estructura de sus comunidades es limitado, y entre ellos son especialmente desconocidos los protistas (o eucariotas microbianos) marinos.
Este estudio, concebido dentro del proyecto europeo BioMarKs y liderado por investigadores del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar del CSIC, en Barcelona, ha explorado la estructura de las comunidades de protistas planctónicos costeros de Europa, desde el mar del Norte al mar Negro, para lo que se han empleado técnicas de secuenciación masiva de ADN.
Dicha secuenciación ha permitido capturar una cantidad significativa de especies raras, las cuales representan la mayor parte de la diversidad en las comunidades microbianas naturales.
“Hemos observado una gran diversidad filogenética en la biosfera rara de protistas (es decir, el conjunto de todos los protistas poco frecuentes) con varios grupos filogenéticos representados solamente por estas especies de baja frecuencia, y hemos encontrado además que, a diferencia de varias bacterias marinas, muchas de estas especies tienen una actividad metabólica normal”, explica Ramiro Logares, investigador del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar.
Se trata del primer estudio en el que se investiga en profundidad la biosfera rara de protistas marinos, considerando sus patrones de distribución y filogenia. Como aseguran los investigadores, entender a los protistas menos abundantes puede ser de gran importancia para comprender la robustez de los ecosistemas frente a los cambios ambientales, ya que estas especies poco frecuentes podrían reemplazar a otras abundantes tras un cambio ambiental, y así mantener el funcionamiento del ecosistema. (Fuente: CSIC)
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Article source: http://noticiasdelaciencia.com/not/10540/descubren-distintas-especies-de-protistas-marinos/
